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Chinese hand fan
A hand fan is an instrument used to induce a current of air to refresh and update yourself. Any large area flat and waved back and forth will create a small air flow and therefore can be considered a rudimentary fan. But in general, hand fans objective fact, have the shape of a sector of a circle and a thin material (such as paper or feathers) mounted blades that rotate around a pivot so it can be closed when not use.The is moving a hand fan provides cooling by increasing airflow over the skin which in turn increases the evaporation rate drops sweat on the skin. This evaporation has a cooling effect due to latent heat of evaporation of water.
Fans are convenient to carry around and the type of fold, in particular, are compact for carrying.
hand fan
In China, screen fans were used throughout the country. The earliest known Chinese fans are a pair of woven bamboo side-mounted fans from the second century BC. The Chinese character for "fan" (扇) is etymologically derived from an image of feathers under one roof. The Chinese fixed fan, pien-bearing, meaning "to stir the air."
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Fans were part of the social condition for the Chinese people. A particular situation and gender would accord a specific type of fan for an individual. During the Song Dynasty, often known artists would be commissioned to paint image on the surface of a fan.
The folding fan was invented in Japan in the eighth century and taken to China in the ninth century. The Akomeogi (or Japanese folding fan;衵扇; Hiōgi) originated in sixth century. These were the fans held by aristocrats of the Heian period when formally dressed. They were made by tying thin stripes of hinoki (cypress or Japanese), together with thread. The number of strips of wood differed according to the rank of the person. It is used today by Shinto priests in formal attire and dress Japanese court official (which can be seen used by the Emperor and Empress during coronation and marriage) and are brightly painted with long tassels. Fan of Chinese dance was developed in the seventh century. The Chinese form of the hand fan was a row of feathers mounted on the end of a handle.
In China, the folding fan came into fashion during the Ming Dynasty, between 1368 and 1644, and Hangzhou was a center of folding fan production. The Mai Ogi (or Chinese dancing fan) has ten sticks and thick paper mount showing the family crest. Chinese painters designed many of the fan decoration designs. The tablets, ivory, bone, mica, pearl, sandalwood, or tortoise shell, were carved and covered with paper or cloth. The fans have "frames" which are the sticks and guards. The leaves are usually painted by craftsman. social importance is attached to the fan in the Far East. Fan management became a highly respected art female. The role and use of the fans reached its highest point of the social significance (fans were even used as a weapon – called the iron fan, or tie Shan in Chinese, Japanese tessen). simple Japanese paper fans are known as "Haris". In the current Japanese pop culture, Haris occur frequently in animation and graphic novels as weapons.
Printed fan leaves and painted fans performed in a labor camp. The document was originally made by hand and displayed the characteristic watermarks. Machine made paper fans, introduced in the century 19, are milder with a uniform texture.
Folding fans (扇子 Japanese "sensu", Chinese: "shànzi") continue to be important cultural symbols and popular tourist souvenirs in East Asia. Geisha of all types (but more often maiko) use folding fans in the balls his followers.
See also: Chinese art paper; gunbai
Japanese fans are made of paper on a bamboo frame, usually with a design painted on them. The fan is mainly used to fuel itself in hot weather.
The fan symbol of friendship, respect and good desires. Are given on special occasions, and are also an important step pillar in Japanese dance.
It was also used in the army as a way to send signals on the battlefield, but the fans were mainly used for social and judicial activities. They were used by warriors as a form of weapon, players and dancers entertainment, and children as a toy.
The fan is for many things, Japanese believe that the handle of the fan symbolizes the beginning of life and the ribs are for the roads of life going in all directions.
Europe
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Ancient Greek statue of a lady with blue and gold dress, fan and sun hat, Tanagra, 325-300 BC, Altes Museum, Berlin
Eros offers a fan and a mirror to a woman. Ancient Greek vase from Apulia, the Archaeological Museum in Milan, Italy
Representing a century folding fan 18 with French design patterns.
archaeological remains show that the fans were used in ancient Greece. In Europe during the Middle Ages, the fan is missing. Europe's first Christian followers was the flabellum (or ceremonial fan), dating from the sixth century. These were used for services to drive the insects away from the consecrated bread and wine. Its use became extinct in Western Europe during the Middle Ages, but continues in the Eastern Orthodox Church and the churches of Ethiopia. Fans were reintroduced to Europe's hand in the 13 century and 14 century. Fans of the Middle East were brought by the Crusaders. In the 15th century, Portuguese traders brought fans to Europe from China and Japan. The fans became popular.
In 1600 the folding fan, introduced from China, became popular in Europe. These fans are particularly well represented in the portraits of women of high rank at the time. Queen Elizabeth 1 of England can be seen to bring the fans decorated with pom-poms on their guardsticks, and the old style rigid fan, usually decorated with feathers and jewels. These rigid style fans often hang from the skirts of the ladies, but fans of this era is only the most exotic types of folding that have survived. Fans of the 15th century that found in museums today have leaves or cut leather designs forming a lace design or a more rigid leaf with inlays of materials more exotic like mica. One of the characteristics of these fans is more crude bone or ivory sticks and the shape of the skin often leaves grooves in the sticks rather than glued as with later folding fans. Fans without decorations made of sticks 'road' were known as brisé fan fans. However, despite the crude methods for construction fans were in this situation was high, the exotic elements to elaborate gloves as gifts royalty.
In the 17th century hard fan who was seen in portraits of the previous century had fallen out of favor as folding fans gained dominance in Europe. Fans began to show nicely painted leaves, often with a religious or classical subject. The reverse of these early fans also began to show design developed flower. Bats are often natural ivory or tortoiseshell, sometimes inlaid with gold or silver work awakening. The way the sticks sit close to each other, often with little or no space between them is one of the hallmarks of the fans of this era.
In 1685 the Edict of Nantes was revoked in France. This immigration caused large scale from France to neighboring countries Protestants (like England), the artisan many followers. This dispersion of responsibilities is reflected in the increasing quality many fans of non-French countries after this date.
In the 18th century, fans reached a high degree of art and are taking place throughout Europe often by specialized craftsmen, either in leaves or sticks. Folded fans of lace, silk or parchment were decorated and painted by artists. Fans were also imported from China by the East India Company at this time. Around mid 1700, the inventors began to design mechanical ventilators. Wind-up fans (similar to winding watches) were popular in the late 1700's. In the 19th century in the West, European fashion caused the decor and size of the fan to vary.
It is said that in the courts of England, Spain and elsewhere fans were used in a more or less secret, unspoken code of messages [1] These fan languages were a way to cope with the restriction of social etiquette. However, the modern Research has shown that it was a marketing ploy developed in the 18th century – which has maintained its appeal considerably over the centuries. This is now used for marketing by the manufacturers as Duvelleroy fan in London, which produced a series of advertisements in the 1960 showing "fan language" display models of antique fans with this language.
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